Prescription Drug Information: DARZALEX (Page 5 of 8)
13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
No carcinogenicity or genotoxicity studies have been conducted with daratumumab. No animal studies have been performed to evaluate the potential effects of daratumumab on reproduction or development, or to determine potential effects on fertility in males or females.
14 CLINICAL STUDIES
14.1 Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma
Combination Treatment with Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone in Patients Ineligible for Autologous Stem Cell Transplant
MAIA (NCT02252172), an open-label, randomized, active-controlled trial, compared treatment with DARZALEX 16 mg/kg in combination with lenalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone (DRd) to treatment with lenalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone (Rd) in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma ineligible for autologous stem cell transplant. Lenalidomide (25 mg once daily orally on Days 1–21 of repeated 28-day [4-week] cycles) was given with low dose oral or intravenous dexamethasone 40 mg/week (or a reduced dose of 20 mg/week for patients >75 years or body mass index [BMI] <18.5). On DARZALEX infusion days, the dexamethasone dose was given as a pre-infusion medication. Treatment was continued in both arms until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
A total of 737 patients were randomized: 368 to the DRd arm and 369 to the Rd arm. The baseline demographic and disease characteristics were similar between the two treatment groups. The median age was 73 (range: 45–90) years, with 44% of the patients ≥75 years of age. Fifty-two percent (52%) of patients were male, 92% White, 4% Black or African American, and 1% Asian. Three percent (3%) of patients reported an ethnicity of Hispanic or Latino. Thirty-four (34%) had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance score of 0, 50% had an ECOG performance score of 1 and 17% had an ECOG performance score of ≥2. Twenty-seven percent had International Staging System (ISS) Stage I, 43% had ISS Stage II and 29% had ISS Stage III disease. Efficacy was evaluated by progression free survival (PFS) based on International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria.
MAIA demonstrated an improvement in Progression Free Survival (PFS) in the DRd arm as compared to the Rd arm; the median PFS had not been reached in the DRd arm and was 31.9 months in the Rd arm (hazard ratio [HR]=0.56; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.73; p<0.0001), representing 44% reduction in the risk of disease progression or death in patients treated with DRd. After a median follow-up of 64 months, the median PFS was 61.9 months (95% CI: 54.8, NE) in the DRd arm and 34.4 months (95% CI: 29.6, 39.2) in the Rd arm.
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Figure 1: Kaplan-Meier Curve of PFS in MAIA * |
After a median follow-up of 56 months, MAIA demonstrated an improvement in overall survival (OS) in the DRd arm as compared to the Rd arm (HR=0.68; 95% CI: 0.53, 0.86; p=0.0013), representing a 32% reduction in the risk of death in patients treated in the DRd arm. Median OS was not reached for either arm.
Figure 2: Kaplan-Meier Curve of OS in MAIA
Additional efficacy results from MAIA are presented in Table 23.
DRd (N=368) | Rd (N=369) | |
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DRd=daratumumab-lenalidomide-dexamethasone; Rd=lenalidomide-dexamethasone; MRD=minimal residual disease; CI=confidence interval | ||
Overall response (sCR+CR+VGPR+PR) n(%) * | 342 (92.9%) | 300 (81.3%) |
p-value † | <0.0001 | |
Stringent complete response (sCR) | 112 (30.4%) | 46 (12.5%) |
Complete response (CR) | 63 (17.1%) | 46 (12.5%) |
Very good partial response (VGPR) | 117 (31.8%) | 104 (28.2%) |
Partial response (PR) | 50 (13.6%) | 104 (28.2%) |
CR or better (sCR + CR) | 175 (47.6%) | 92 (24.9%) |
p-value † | <0.0001 | |
VGPR or better (sCR + CR + VGPR) | 292 (79.3%) | 196 (53.1%) |
p-value † | <0.0001 | |
MRD negativity rate *, ‡n(%) | 89 (24.2%) | 27 (7.3%) |
95% CI (%) | (19.9%, 28.9%) | (4.9%, 10.5%) |
p-value § | <0.0001 | |
MRD negativity rate in patients with CR or better ‡ | ||
Number of patients with CR or better | N=175 | N=92 |
MRD negativity rate n(%) | 89 (50.9%) | 27 (29.3%) |
95% CI (%) | (43.2%, 58.5%) | (20.3%, 39.8%) |
In responders, the median time to response was 1.05 months (range: 0.2 to 12.1 months) in the DRd group and 1.05 months (range: 0.3 to 15.3 months) in the Rd group. The median duration of response had not been reached in the DRd group and was 34.7 months (95% CI: 30.8, not estimable) in the Rd group.
Combination Treatment with Bortezomib, Melphalan and Prednisone (VMP) in Patients Ineligible for Autologous Stem Cell Transplant
ALCYONE (NCT02195479), an open-label, randomized, active-controlled trial, compared treatment with DARZALEX 16 mg/kg in combination with bortezomib, melphalan and prednisone (D-VMP), to treatment with VMP in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma ineligible for autologous stem cell transplant. Bortezomib was administered by subcutaneous (SC) injection at a dose of 1.3 mg/m 2 body surface area twice weekly at Weeks 1, 2, 4 and 5 for the first 6-week cycle (Cycle 1; 8 doses), followed by once weekly administrations at Weeks 1, 2, 4 and 5 for eight more 6-week cycles (Cycles 2–9; 4 doses per cycle). Melphalan at 9 mg/m 2 , and prednisone at 60 mg/m 2 were orally administered on Days 1 to 4 of the nine 6-week cycles (Cycles 1–9). DARZALEX was continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
A total of 706 patients were randomized: 350 to the D-VMP arm and 356 to the VMP arm. The baseline demographic and disease characteristics were similar between the two treatment groups. The median age was 71 (range: 40–93) years, with 30% of the patients ≥75 years of age. The majority were white (85%), female (54%), 25% had an ECOG performance score of 0, 50% had an ECOG performance score of 1 and 25% had an ECOG performance score of 2. Nineteen percent of patients had ISS Stage I, 42% had ISS Stage II and 38% had ISS Stage III disease. Efficacy was evaluated by PFS based on IMWG criteria and overall survival (OS).
ALCYONE demonstrated an improvement in PFS in the D-VMP arm as compared to the VMP arm (HR=0.50; 95% CI: 0.38, 0.65; p<0.0001), representing a 50% reduction in the risk of disease progression or death in patients treated with D-VMP. After a median follow-up of 40 months, the median PFS was 36.4 months (95% CI: 32.1, 45.9) in the D-VMP arm and 19.3 months (95% CI: 18.0, 20.4) in the VMP arm.
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Figure 3: Kaplan-Meier Curve of PFS in ALCYONE * |
After a median follow-up of 40 months, ALCYONE demonstrated an improvement in overall survival (OS) in the D-VMP arm as compared to the VMP arm (HR=0.60; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.80; p=0.0003), representing a 40% reduction in the risk of death in patients treated in the D-VMP arm. Median OS was not reached for either arm.
Figure 4: Kaplan-Meier Curve of OS in ALCYONE
Additional efficacy results from ALCYONE are presented in Table 24.
D-VMP (N=350) | VMP (N=356) | |
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D-VMP = daratumumab-bortezomib-melphalan-prednisone; VMP = bortezomib-melphalan-prednisone; MRD = minimal residual disease; CI = confidence interval | ||
Overall response (sCR+CR+VGPR+PR) n(%) * | 318 (90.9%) | 263 (73.9%) |
p-value † | <0.0001 | |
Stringent complete response (sCR) | 63 (18.0%) | 25 (7.0%) |
Complete response (CR) | 86 (24.6%) | 62 (17.4%) |
Very good partial response (VGPR) | 100 (28.6%) | 90 (25.3%) |
Partial response (PR) | 69 (19.7%) | 86 (24.2%) |
MRD negativity rate *, ‡n(%) | 78 (22.3%) | 22 (6.2%) |
95% CI (%) | (18.0, 27.0) | (3.9, 9.2) |
p-value § | <0.0001 | |
MRD negativity rate in patients with CR or better ‡ | ||
Number of patients with CR or better | N=149 | N=87 |
MRD negativity rate n(%) | 74 (49.7%) | 22 (25.3%) |
95% CI (%) | (41.4, 58.0) | (16.6, 35.7) |
In responders, the median time to response was 0.79 months (range: 0.4 to 15.5 months) in the D-VMP group and 0.82 months (range: 0.7 to 12.6 months) in the VMP group. The median duration of response had not been reached in the D-VMP group and was 21.3 months (range: 0.5+, 23.7+) in the VMP group.
Combination Treatment with Bortezomib, Thalidomide and Dexamethasone in Patients Eligible for Autologous Stem Cell Transplant (ASCT)
CASSIOPEIA (NCT02541383), an open-label, randomized, active-controlled trial compared induction and consolidation treatment with DARZALEX 16 mg/kg in combination with bortezomib, thalidomide and dexamethasone (DVTd) to treatment with bortezomib, thalidomide and dexamethasone (VTd) in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma eligible for ASCT. The consolidation phase of treatment began a minimum of 30 days post-ASCT, when the patient had recovered sufficiently, and engraftment was complete. The trial was limited to patients 65 years of age and younger. Bortezomib was administered by subcutaneous (SC) injection or intravenous (IV) injection at a dose of 1.3 mg/m 2 body surface area twice weekly for two weeks (Days 1, 4, 8, and 11) of repeated 28-day (4-week) induction treatment cycles (Cycles 1–4) and two consolidation cycles (Cycles 5 and 6) following ASCT after Cycle 4. Thalidomide was administered orally at 100 mg daily during the six bortezomib cycles. Dexamethasone (oral or intravenous) was administered at 40 mg on Days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22 and 23 of Cycles 1 and 2, and at 40 mg on Days 1–2 and 20 mg on subsequent dosing days (Days 8, 9, 15, 16) of Cycles 3–4. Dexamethasone 20 mg was administered on Days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16 in Cycles 5 and 6. On the days of DARZALEX infusion, the dexamethasone dose was administered intravenously as a pre-infusion medication.
A total of 1,085 patients were randomized: 543 to the DVTd arm and 542 to the VTd arm. The baseline demographic and disease characteristics were similar between the two treatment groups. The median age was 58 years (range: 22 to 65 years). The majority were male (59%), 48% had an ECOG performance score of 0, 42% had an ECOG performance score of 1 and 10% had an ECOG performance score of 2. Forty percent had ISS Stage I, 45% had ISS Stage II and 15% had ISS Stage III disease.
Efficacy was evaluated by stringent Complete Response (sCR) rate at Day 100 post-transplant, Complete Response Rate (CR) at Day 100 post-transplant, and Progression-Free Survival (PFS).
DVTd (N=543) | VTd (N=542) | |
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D-VTd = daratumumab-bortezomib-thalidomide-dexamethasone; VTd = bortezomib-thalidomide-dexamethasone | ||
Overall response (sCR+CR+VGPR+PR) n(%) * | 503 (92.6%) | 487 (89.9%) |
Stringent complete response (sCR) | 157 (28.9%) | 110 (20.3%) |
p-value † | 0.0010 | |
Complete response (CR) | 54 (9.9%) | 31 (5.7%) |
Very good partial response (VGPR) | 242 (44.6%) | 282 (52.0%) |
Partial response (PR) | 50 (9.2%) | 64 (11.8%) |
CASSIOPEIA demonstrated an improvement in PFS in the DVTd arm as compared to the VTd arm; with a median follow up of 18.8 months, the median PFS had not been reached in either arm. Treatment with DVTd resulted in a reduction in the risk of progression or death by 53% compared to VTd alone (HR=0.47; 95% CI: 0.33, 0.67; p<0.0001).
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Figure 5: Kaplan-Meier Curve of PFS in CASSIOPEIA * |
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