Prescription Drug Information: Kapidex
KAPIDEX — dexlansoprazole capsule, delayed release
Physicians Total Care, Inc.
KAPIDEX is indicated for healing of all grades of erosive esophagitis (EE) for up to 8 weeks.
1.2 Maintenance of Healed Erosive Esophagitis
KAPIDEX is indicated to maintain healing of EE for up to 6 months.
1.3 Symptomatic Non-Erosive Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
KAPIDEX is indicated for the treatment of heartburn associated with non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) for 4 weeks.
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
2.1 Recommended DoseKAPIDEX is available as capsules in 30 mg and 60 mg strengths for adult use. Directions for use in each indication are summarized in Table 1.
Indication | Recommended Dose | Frequency |
Healing of EE | 60 mg | Once daily for up to 8 weeks |
Maintenance of Healed EE | 30 mg | Once daily * |
Symptomatic Non-Erosive GERD | 30 mg | Once daily for 4 weeks |
No adjustment for KAPIDEX is necessary for patients with mild hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class A). Consider a maximum daily dose of 30 mg for patients with moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class B). No studies have been conducted in patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class C) [see Use in Specific Populations (8.7) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.5)].
No dosage adjustment is necessary for elderly patients or for patients with renal impairment [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.5)].
KAPIDEX can be taken without regard to food.
KAPIDEX should be swallowed whole.
- Alternatively, KAPIDEX capsules can be opened and administered as follows: – Open capsule; – Sprinkle intact granules on one tablespoon of applesauce; – Swallow immediately.
3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS
- 30 mg capsules are opaque, blue and gray with TAP and “30” imprinted on the capsule.
- 60 mg capsules are opaque, blue with TAP and “60” imprinted on the capsule.
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS
KAPIDEX is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to any component of the formulation [see Description (11)]. Hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis have been reported with KAPIDEX use [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].
5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
5.1 Gastric Malignancy
Symptomatic response with KAPIDEX does not preclude the presence of gastric malignancy.
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS
6.1 Clinical Trials Experience
The safety of KAPIDEX was evaluated in 4548 patients in controlled and uncontrolled clinical studies, including 863 patients treated for at least 6 months and 203 patients treated for one year. Patients ranged in age from 18 to 90 years (median age 48 years), with 54% female, 85% Caucasian, 8% Black, 4% Asian, and 3% other races. Six randomized controlled clinical trials were conducted for the treatment of EE, maintenance of healed EE, and symptomatic GERD, which included 896 patients on placebo, 455 patients on KAPIDEX 30 mg, 2218 patients on KAPIDEX 60 mg, and 1363 patients on lansoprazole 30 mg once daily.
As clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
Most Commonly Reported Adverse Reactions
The most common adverse reactions (≥2%) that occurred at a higher incidence for KAPIDEX than placebo in the controlled studies are presented in Table 2.
Placebo | KAPIDEX30 mg | KAPIDEX60 mg | KAPIDEXTotal | Lansoprazole30 mg | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adverse Reaction | (N=896)% | (N=455)% | (N=2218)% | (N=2621)% | (N=1363)% |
Diarrhea | 2.9 | 5.1 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 3.2 |
Abdominal Pain | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 2.6 |
Nausea | 2.6 | 3.3 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 1.8 |
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection | 0.8 | 2.9 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 0.8 |
Vomiting | 0.8 | 2.2 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.1 |
Flatulence | 0.6 | 2.6 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.2 |
Adverse Reactions Resulting in Discontinuation
In controlled clinical studies, the most common adverse reaction leading to discontinuation from KAPIDEX therapy was diarrhea (0.7%).
Other Adverse Reactions
Other adverse reactions that were reported in controlled studies at an incidence of less than 2% are listed below by body system:
Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders: anemia, lymphadenopathy
Cardiac Disorders: angina, arrhythmia, bradycardia, chest pain, edema, myocardial infarction, palpitation, tachycardia
Ear and Labyrinth Disorders: ear pain, tinnitus, vertigo
Endocrine Disorders: goiter
Eye Disorders: eye irritation, eye swelling
Gastrointestinal Disorders: abdominal discomfort, abdominal tenderness, abnormal feces, anal discomfort, Barrett’s esophagus, bezoar, bowel sounds abnormal, breath odor, colitis microscopic, colonic polyp, constipation, dry mouth, duodenitis, dyspepsia, dysphagia, enteritis, eructation, esophagitis, gastric polyp, gastritis, gastroenteritis, gastrointestinal disorders, gastrointestinal hypermotility disorders, GERD, GI ulcers and perforation, hematemesis, hematochezia, hemorrhoids, impaired gastric emptying, irritable bowel syndrome, mucus stools, nausea and vomiting, oral mucosal blistering, painful defecation, proctitis, paresthesia oral, rectal hemorrhage
General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions: adverse drug reaction, asthenia, chest pain, chills, feeling abnormal, inflammation, mucosal inflammation, nodule, pain, pyrexia
Hepatobiliary Disorders: biliary colic, cholelithiasis, hepatomegaly
Immune System Disorders: hypersensitivity
Infections and Infestations: candida infections, influenza, nasopharyngitis, oral herpes, pharyngitis, sinusitis, viral infection, vulvo-vaginal infection
Injury, Poisoning and Procedural Complications: falls, fractures, joint sprains, overdose, procedural pain, sunburn
Laboratory Investigations: ALP increased, ALT increased, AST increased, bilirubin decreased/increased, blood creatinine increased, blood gastrin increased, blood glucose increased, blood potassium increased, liver function test abnormal, platelet count decreased, total protein increased, weight increase
Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders: appetite changes, hypercalcemia, hypokalemia
Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders: arthralgia, arthritis, muscle cramps, musculoskeletal pain, myalgia
Nervous System Disorders: altered taste, convulsion, dizziness, headaches, migraine, memory impairment, paresthesia, psychomotor hyperactivity, tremor, trigeminal neuralgia
Psychiatric Disorders: abnormal dreams, anxiety, depression, insomnia, libido changes
Renal and Urinary Disorders: dysuria, micturition urgency
Reproductive System and Breast Disorders: dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, menorrhagia, menstrual disorder
Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders: aspiration, asthma, bronchitis, cough, dyspnoea, hiccups, hyperventilation, respiratory tract congestion, sore throat
Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: acne, dermatitis, erythema, pruritis, rash, skin lesion, urticaria
Vascular Disorders: deep vein thrombosis, hot flush, hypertension
Additional adverse reactions that were reported in a long-term uncontrolled study and were considered related to KAPIDEX by the treating physician included: anaphylaxis, auditory hallucination, B-cell lymphoma, central obesity, cholecystitis acute, decreased hemoglobin, dehydration, diabetes mellitus, dysphonia, epistaxis, folliculitis, gastrointestinal pain, gout, herpes zoster, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism, increased neutrophils, MCHC decrease, neutropenia, oral soft tissue disorder, rectal tenesmus, restless legs syndrome, somnolence, thrombocythemia, tonsillitis.
Other adverse reactions not observed with KAPIDEX, but occurring with the racemate lansoprazole can be found in the lansoprazole package insert, ADVERSE REACTIONS section.
7 DRUG INTERACTIONS
7.1 Drugs with pH-Dependent Absorption Pharmacokinetics
KAPIDEX causes inhibition of gastric acid secretion. KAPIDEX is likely to substantially decrease the systemic concentrations of the HIV protease inhibitor atazanavir, which is dependent upon the presence of gastric acid for absorption, and may result in a loss of therapeutic effect of atazanavir and the development of HIV resistance. Therefore, KAPIDEX should not be co-administered with atazanavir.
It is theoretically possible that KAPIDEX may interfere with the absorption of other drugs where gastric pH is an important determinant of oral bioavailability (e.g., ampicillin esters, digoxin, iron salts, ketoconazole).
7.2 Warfarin
Co-administration of KAPIDEX 90 mg and warfarin 25 mg did not affect the pharmacokinetics of warfarin or INR [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.6)]. However, there have been reports of increased INR and prothrombin time in patients receiving PPIs and warfarin concomitantly. Increases in INR and prothrombin time may lead to abnormal bleeding and even death. Patients treated with KAPIDEX and warfarin concomitantly may need to be monitored for increases in INR and prothrombin time.
8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
8.1 Pregnancy
Teratogenic Effects
Pregnancy Category B. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies with dexlansoprazole in pregnant women. There were no adverse fetal effects in animal reproduction studies of dexlansoprazole in rabbits. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, KAPIDEX should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.
A reproduction study conducted in rabbits at oral dexlansoprazole doses up to 30 mg per kg per day (approximately 9-fold the maximum recommended human dexlansoprazole dose [60 mg] based on body surface area [BSA]) revealed no evidence of harm to the fetus due to dexlansoprazole. In addition, reproduction studies performed in pregnant rats with oral lansoprazole at doses up to 150 mg per kg per day (40 times the recommended human dose based on BSA) and in pregnant rabbits at oral lansoprazole doses up to 30 mg per kg per day (16 times the recommended human dose based on BSA) revealed no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus due to lansoprazole.
8.3 Nursing Mothers
It is not known whether dexlansoprazole is excreted in human milk. However, lansoprazole and its metabolites are present in rat milk following the administration of lansoprazole. As many drugs are excreted in human milk, and because of the potential for tumorigenicity shown for lansoprazole in rat carcinogenicity studies [see Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility (13.1)] , a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
8.4 Pediatric Use
Safety and effectiveness of KAPIDEX in pediatric patients (less than 18 years of age) have not been established.
8.5 Geriatric Use
In clinical studies of KAPIDEX, 11% of patients were aged 65 years and over. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these patients and younger patients, and other reported clinical experience has not identified significant differences in responses between geriatric and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.5)].
8.6 Renal Impairment
No dosage adjustment of KAPIDEX is necessary in patients with renal impairment. The pharmacokinetics of dexlansoprazole in patients with renal impairment are not expected to be altered since dexlansoprazole is extensively metabolized in the liver to inactive metabolites, and no parent drug is recovered in the urine following an oral dose of dexlansoprazole [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.5)].
8.7 Hepatic Impairment
No dosage adjustment for KAPIDEX is necessary for patients with mild hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class A). KAPIDEX 30 mg should be considered for patients with moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class B). No studies have been conducted in patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class C) [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.5)].
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