Prescription Drug Information: Olopatadine Hydrochloride

OLOPATADINE HYDROCHLORIDE- olopatadine hydrochloride spray, metered
Apotex Corp.

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution is indicated for the relief of the symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis in adults and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older.

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

2.1 Adults and Adolescents Twelve Years of Age and Older

The recommended dosage is two sprays per nostril twice daily.

2.2 Pediatric Patients Six to Eleven Years of Age

The recommended dosage is one spray per nostril twice daily.

2.3 Administration Information

Administer olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution by the nasal route only.

Priming: Before initial use, prime olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution by releasing 5 sprays or until a fine mist appears. The correct amount of medication cannot be assured before the initial priming.

Re-priming (as needed): When olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution has not been used for more than 7 days, re-prime by releasing 2 sprays. Avoid spraying olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution into the eyes.

Discard Instructions: Discard nasal device after 240 sprays (enough for 30 days of dosing) have been used even though the bottle is not completely empty. The correct amount of medication cannot be assured after 240 sprays have been used.

3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

Nasal spray: 665 mcg olopatadine hydrochloride per spray supplied in a white plastic bottle with a metered-dose manual spray pump, a white nasal applicator, safety clip and a translucent overcap.

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS

None.

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

5.1 Local Nasal Effects

Epistaxis and Nasal Ulceration
In placebo-controlled clinical trials (vehicle nasal spray) of 2 weeks to 12 months duration, epistaxis and nasal ulcerations were reported [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

Nasal Septal PerforationThree placebo-controlled long term (12 months) safety trials (vehicle nasal spray) were conducted. In the first safety trial, patients were treated with an investigational formulation of olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution containing povidone (not the commercially marketed formulation) or a vehicle nasal spray containing povidone. Nasal septal perforations were reported in one patient treated with the investigational formulation of olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution and 2 patients treated with the vehicle nasal spray. In the second safety trial with olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution, which does not contain povidone, there were no reports of nasal septal perforation. In the third safety trial, one patient exposed to the 3.7 pH vehicle nasal spray (containing no povidone) reported a nasal septal perforation [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

Before starting olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution, conduct a nasal examination to ensure that patients are free of nasal disease other than allergic rhinitis. Perform nasal examinations periodically for signs of adverse effects on the nasal mucosa and consider stopping olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution if patients develop nasal ulcerations.

5.2 Somnolence and Impaired Mental Alertness

In clinical trials, the occurrence of somnolence has been reported in some patients taking olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. Patients should be cautioned against engaging in hazardous occupations requiring complete mental alertness and motor coordination, such as driving or operating machinery after administration of olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution. Concurrent use of olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution with alcohol or other central nervous system depressants should be avoided because additional reductions in alertness and additional impairment of central nervous system performance may occur.

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS

The most clinically significant adverse reactions described in other sections of labeling include:

  • Epistaxis, Nasal Ulceration, and Nasal Septal Perforation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]
  • Somnolence and Impaired Mental Alertness [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]

6.1 Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

The safety data described below reflect exposure to olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution in 2,770 patients with seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis in 10 controlled clinical trials of 2 weeks to 12 months duration. Olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution is not indicated for use in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis.

The safety data from adults and adolescents are based upon 6 placebo-controlled clinical trials (3.7 pH vehicle nasal spray or 7 pH vehicle nasal spray) in which 1,834 patients with seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis (652 males and 1,182 females) 12 years of age and older were treated with olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution two sprays per nostril twice daily. There were 1,180 patients (olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution, 587; vehicle nasal spray, 593) that participated in 3 efficacy and safety trials of 2 weeks duration. There were 2,840 patients (olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution, 1,247; 3.7 pH vehicle nasal spray, 1,251; 7 pH vehicle nasal spray, 342) that participated in 3 long-term clinical trials of 1-year duration. The racial distribution of adult and adolescent patients receiving olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution was 77% white, 9% black, and 14% other. The incidence of discontinuation due to adverse reactions in these controlled clinical trials was comparable for olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution and vehicle nasal spray. Overall, 4.7% of the 1,834 adult and adolescent patients across all 6 studies treated with olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution, 3.5% of the 1,844 patients treated with 3.7 pH vehicle nasal spray discontinued due to adverse reactions, and 2.9% of the 342 patients treated with 7 pH vehicle nasal spray discontinued due to adverse reactions.

The safety data from pediatric patients 6 to 11 years of age are based upon 3 clinical trials in which 870 children with seasonal allergic rhinitis (376 females and 494 males) were treated with olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution one or two sprays per nostril twice daily for 2 weeks. The racial distribution of pediatric patients receiving olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution was 68.6% white, 16.6% black, and 14.8% other. The incidence of discontinuation due to adverse reactions in these controlled clinical trials was comparable for olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution and vehicle nasal spray. Overall, 1.4% of the 870 pediatric patients across all 3 studies treated with olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution and 1.3% of the 872 pediatric patients treated with vehicle nasal spray discontinued due to adverse reactions.

Adults and Adolescents 12 Years of Age and Older in Short-Term (2 week) Trials

There were 1,180 patients 12 years of age and older (olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution, 587; vehicle nasal spray, 593) that participated in 3 efficacy and safety trials of 2 weeks duration. Table 1 presents the most common adverse reactions (0.9% or greater in patients treated with olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution that occurred more frequently in patients treated with olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution compared with vehicle nasal spray in the 3 clinical trials of 2 weeks duration.

Table 1: Adverse Reactions Occurring at an Incidence of 0.9% or Greater in Controlled Clinical Trials of 2 Weeks Duration with Olopatadine Hydrochloride Nasal Solution (Nasal Spray) in Adolescent and Adult Patients 12 Years of Age and Older with Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis
Adult and Adolescent Patients 12 Years and Older
Adverse Reaction Olopatadine HydrochlorideNasal Solution (Nasal Spray) N = 587 Vehicle Nasal Spray N = 593
Bitter taste 75 (12.8%) 5 (0.8%)
Headache 26 (4.4%) 24 (4%)
Epistaxis 19 (3.2%) 10 (1.7%)
Pharyngolaryngeal Pain 13 (2.2%) 8 (1.3%)
Post-nasal drip 9 (1.5%) 5 (0.8%)
Cough 8 (1.4%) 3 (0.5%)
Urinary tract infection 7 (1.2%) 3 (0.5%)
CPK elevation 5 (0.9%) 2 (0.3%)
Dry mouth 5 (0.9%) 1 (0.2%)
Fatigue 5 (0.9%) 4 (0.7%)
Influenza 5 (0.9%) 1 (0.2%)
Nasopharyngitis 5 (0.9%) 4 (0.7%)
Somnolence 5 (0.9%) 2 (0.3%)
Throat irritation 5 (0.9%) 0 (0%)

There were no differences in the incidence of adverse reactions based on gender or race. Clinical trials did not include sufficient numbers of patients 65 years of age and older to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects.

Pediatric Patients 6 to 11 Years of Age

There were 1,742 pediatric patients 6 to 11 years of age (olopatadine nasal spray, 870; vehicle nasal spray, 872) with seasonal allergic rhinitis that participated in 3 clinical trials of 2 weeks duration. Two of the studies used the investigational formulation of olopatadine nasal spray, and one of the studies used olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution. One study evaluated the safety of olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution at doses of one and two sprays per nostril twice daily in 1188 patients, in which 298 were exposed to olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution1 spray, 296 were exposed to olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution (nasal spray) 2 sprays, 297 were exposed to vehicle 1 spray, and 297 were exposed to vehicle 2 sprays twice daily for 2 weeks. Table 2 presents the most common adverse reactions (greater than 1% in pediatric patients 6 to 11 years of age treated with olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution one spray per nostril) that occurred more frequently with olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution compared with vehicle nasal spray.

Table 2. Adverse Reactions Occurring at an Incidence of Greater Than 1% in a Controlled Clinical Trial of 2 Weeks Duration With Olopatadine Hydrochloride Nasal Solution (Nasal Spray) in Pediatric Patients 6 to 11 Years of Age With Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis
Pediatric Patients 6 to 11 Years of Age
Adverse Reaction Olopatadine HydrochlorideNasal Solution One Spray per NostrilN = 298 Vehicle Nasal Spray One Spray per NostrilN = 297
Epistaxis 17 (5.7%) 11 (3.7%)
Headache 13 (4.4%) 11 (3.7%)
Upper respiratory tract infection 8 (2.6%) 0
Bitter taste 3 (1%) 0
Pyrexia 4 (1.3%) 3 (1%)
Rash 4 (1.3%) 0

There were no differences in the incidence of adverse reactions based on gender, race, or ethnicity.

Long-Term (12 month) Safety Trials

In a 12-month, placebo-controlled, safety trial (vehicle nasal spray), 890 patients 12 years of age and older with perennial allergic rhinitis were randomized to treatment with olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution two sprays per nostril twice daily (445 patients) or vehicle nasal spray (445 patients). In the olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution and vehicle nasal spray groups, 72% and 74% of patients, respectively, completed the trial. Overall, 7% and 5%, respectively, discontinued study participation due to an adverse reaction. The most frequently reported adverse reaction was epistaxis, which occurred in 25% of patients treated with olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution and 28% in patients treated with vehicle nasal spray. Epistaxis resulted in discontinuation of 0.9% of patients treated with olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution and 0.2% of patients treated with vehicle nasal spray. Nasal ulcerations occurred in 10% of patients treated with olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution and 9% of patients treated with vehicle nasal spray. Nasal ulcerations resulted in discontinuation of 0.4% of patients treated with olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution and 0.2% patients treated with vehicle nasal spray. There were no patients with nasal septal perforation in either treatment group. Somnolence was reported in 1 patient treated with olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution and 1 patient treated with vehicle nasal spray. Weight increase was reported in 6 patients treated with olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution and 1 patient treated with vehicle nasal spray. Depression or worsening of depression occurred in 9 patients treated with olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution and in 5 patients treated with vehicle nasal spray. Three patients, 2 of whom had preexisting histories of depression, who received olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution were hospitalized for depression compared to none who received vehicle nasal spray.

In a second 12-month placebo-controlled, safety trial (vehicle nasal spray), 459 patients 12 years of age and older with perennial allergic rhinitis were treated with two sprays per nostril of an investigational formulation of olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution containing povidone (not the commercially marketed formulation) and 465 patients were treated with 2 sprays of a vehicle nasal spray containing povidone. Nasal septal perforations were reported in one patient treated with the investigational formulation of olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution and 2 patients treated with the vehicle nasal spray. Epistaxis was reported in 19% of patients treated with the investigational formulation of olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution and 12% of patients treated with vehicle nasal spray. Somnolence was reported in 3 patients treated with the investigational formulation of olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution compared to 1 patient treated with vehicle nasal spray. Fatigue was reported in 5 patients treated with the investigational formulation of olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution compared to 1 patient treated with vehicle nasal spray.

In a third 3-arm, 12-month, placebo-controlled, safety trial (vehicle nasal spray), conducted post approval, 1,026 patients 12 years of age and older with perennial allergic rhinitis were randomized to treatment with olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution (343 patients), a 3.7 pH vehicle nasal spray (341 patients), or a 7 pH vehicle nasal spray (342 patients). All treatments were administered as two sprays per nostril, twice daily. Overall, 5% of olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution patients, 2% of 3.7 pH vehicle patients and 3% of 7 pH vehicle patients discontinued due to adverse reactions. The most frequently reported adverse event was epistaxis, which occurred in 24% of patients treated with olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution, 20% of patients treated with 3.7 pH vehicle nasal spray, and 23% of patients treated with 7 pH vehicle nasal spray. Epistaxis resulted in the discontinuation of 2 patients treated with olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution and 1 patient treated with 7 pH vehicle nasal spray. Nasal septal perforation was reported for one patient treated with the 3.7 pH vehicle nasal spray. Nasal ulcerations occurred in 9% of patients treated with olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution, 8% of patients treated with 3.7 pH vehicle nasal spray, and 9% of patients treated with 7 pH vehicle nasal spray. Nasal ulceration resulted in the discontinuation of 1 patient treated with olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution. Hyposmia and anosmia were each reported by one patient treated with olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution. Neither somnolence nor weight loss was reported. Depression occurred in 3 patients treated with olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution, 2 patients treated with 3.7 pH vehicle nasal spray, and 3 patients treated with 7 pH vehicle nasal spray.

There were no long-term clinical trials in children below 12 years of age.

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